• br Introduction Maintaining the normal

  2019-12-30

  

  Introduction Maintaining the normal function of fetal trophoblasts is essential for a successful pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-specific disorder, is often associated with excessive trophoblast cell apoptosis and superficial trophoblast invasion leading to insufficient spiral artery re

• In addition to the ESIs identified that target both EPAC

  2019-12-30

  

  In addition to the ESIs identified that target both EPAC1 and EPAC2, ESI-05 and ESI-07 were identified as compounds that selectively antagonise EPAC2, displaying almost no inhibition of EPAC1 at concentrations up to 100μM [99]. Both compounds were effective inhibitors EPAC2 GEF activity towards Rap1

• According to the Nomenclature Committee of the International

  2019-12-30

  

  According to the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB, 1992), peptidases are divided into two classes, namely exopeptidases and endopeptidases, based on their actions on substrates and their active sites, respectively. Endopeptidases inclu

• In addition to G coupling it is important to

  2019-12-30

  

  In addition to Gα coupling, it is important to consider that the transition from goal-directed to habitual drug taking also relies on striatal D2R-A2AR heterodimers. Following cocaine self-administration, D2R-A2AR density is increased in the NAc, leading to greater antagonism of the inhibitory (anti

• AMPHs facilitate dopamine release which further triggers dop

  2019-12-30

  

  AMPHs facilitate dopamine release, which further triggers dopamine depletion [72]. Indeed, we observed that repeated treatment of MPA significantly inhibited TH-, DAT-, and VMAT-2 levels. Since DAT and VMAT-2 are important for dopaminergic terminal markers [10], their decreases suggest that MPA-indu

• MLN120B DGK is not the only DGK isoform

  2019-12-30

  

  DGKε is not the only DGK isoform that has been associated with p53. It has been shown that DGKζ binds to p53 and modulates its activity in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus [39]. In the cytosol DGKζ promotes the degradation of p53 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system [39], also a likely mechanis

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Heterocyclic chemistry ha

  2019-12-30

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Heterocyclic chemistry has become one of the most important fields of research in pharmaceutical industry due to their many fold applications. Amongst all, heterocyclic am580 containing nitrogen and oxygen have shown most potent biological activities. It follows f

• Epibrassinolide br Authors contributions br Acknowledgements

  2019-12-30

  

  Authors’ contributions Acknowledgements Introduction Retinoic Epibrassinolide is a key signalling molecule in healthy development and in differentiation of stem cells, albeit uncontrolled levels of retinoic acid can lead to mutagenesis [1]. In eukaryotes retinoic acid is made by oxidation

• Therapeutic options targeting intrahepatic resistance are ve

  2019-12-29

  

  Therapeutic options targeting intrahepatic resistance are very limited. Theoretically, the NO-cGMP pathway may be influenced at several sites. Yet, most strategies did not reach clinical practice or yielded disappointing results, such as activators of soluble guanylate cyclase [14], NO releasing der

• In this report we evaluate

  2019-12-29

  

  In this report, we evaluate if this molecular mechanism is used universally by high-fidelity DNA polymerases during the replication of DNA lesions that are structurally distinct from abasic sites. This was approached by quantifying the kinetic parameters for the incorporation of modified and non-nat

• In the context of food allergy

  2019-12-29

  

  In the context of food allergy it is hypothesized that intestinal barrier dysfunction might contribute to both antigen sensitization and the IgE/mast cell mediated effector phase of allergic disease, however no concluding data has been published to date [5]. An understanding of the mechanism of prim

• br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgments Work in the

  2019-12-29

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgments Work in the laboratory of SPS is funded by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Network Project BSC-0111 (INDEPTH) and BSC-0112 (NanoSHE). We are thankful to Director, CSIR-IITR for his constant encouragement and support. We also acknowledg

• orphan receptor Today many strategies have been developed to

  2019-12-29

  

  Today, many strategies have been developed to enhance CXCR-4 receptor orphan receptor on the cell surface, either by modifying the cell culture medium or by modifying the CXCR-4 gene in BMSCs to stimulate stem cell recruitment (Jiang et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2014b). For instance, the pre-condition

• e1 ubiquitin The enzyme cyclooxygenase COX or prostaglandin

  2019-12-29

  

  The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) or prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) is the key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic e1 ubiquitin (AA) into prostaglandins (PGs) [1]. In 1991, researchers found that there were two isoforms of this enzyme called COX-1 and COX-2 with independent genes an

• Previously we have shown that complexes

  2019-12-29

  

  Previously, we have shown that complexes of protein PKs with inhibitors that comprised sulfur or selenium atoms in aromatic structures were phosphorescent at room temperature, while the long-lifetime signal emitted by the free inhibitor was negligible.34, 35, 36 This phenomenon was caused by stabili

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