• The IV chains of mature GBM are built exclusively

  2020-02-03

  

  The α3/α4/α5(IV)-chains of mature GBM are built exclusively by podocytes (not by endothelial cells) (Abrahamson et al., 2009), placing the podocytes into the focus of GBM-diseases such as Alport syndrome. Alport syndrome (AS) is caused by mutations in the COL4A3, 4 or 5 genes coding for the α3/α4/α5

• br Results and discussion A systematic search for

  2020-02-03

  

  Results and discussion A systematic search for genes encoding H+-PPases was carried out by PCR using genomic DNA from a wide range of protozoa as templates and degenerate oligonucleotides, designed from amino Ion Channel Compound Library domains conserved in H+-PPases of higher plants and the pro

• To better understand Wolbachia s dependence on these

  2020-02-03

  

  To better understand Wolbachia’s dependence on these enzymes, RNAi experiments targeting these transcripts will be required to examine the consequences of their down-regulation on Wolbachia in the different tissues of the parasite. Initial studies have shown that decreases in Bm-cpl-3 and Bm-cpl-6 t

• Studies carried out with LTRAs before the identification of

  2020-02-03

  

  Studies carried out with LTRAs before the identification of the CysLT2R, showed a controversial picture, as results that suggest a role for cysteinyl-LTs in the expansion of ischemic damage and in cardiac dysfunction during reperfusion [5], [68], [69] were evenly balanced by others suggesting that t

• P H is a nonheme iron II dioxygenase that

  2020-02-03

  

  P4H is a nonheme iron(II) dioxygenase that uses O2 and α-ketoglutarate as co-substrates (Fig. 1A). The three-dimensional structure of mammalian P4H is unknown. We reasoned that an electrophilic analog of α-ketoglutarate could serve as an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme and, hence, a useful prob

• ClC is a member of the voltage gated chloride

  2020-02-03

  

  ClC-3 is a member of the voltage-gated chloride channel superfamily and has many roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, Z-VDVAD-FMK progression and so on (Dai et al., 2005). A growing number of studies showed that ClC-3 encoded a volume-regulated Cl− channel (ICl,Vol) in heart, that could contribut

• Our previous high throughput screening HTS

  2020-02-03

  

  Our previous high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign using automated, robust, and sensitive fluorescence based AM966 assay [10], [11] led to the identification of several EPAC specific inhibitors (ESIs), and was subsequently followed by extensive hit-to-lead optimizations [20], [21], [22], [23], [

• br Non cyclic nucleotide EPAC regulators

  2020-02-03

  

  Non-cyclic nucleotide EPAC regulators Despite the success of 007 as a tool molecule, few studies to date have led to the identification of further EPAC-selective agonists. The most studied and controversial group of small-molecule EPAC regulators are the sulfonylurea (SU) family. SUs (Table 1) su

• Kinetic isotope effects KIEs inform on bond vibrational chan

  2020-02-03

  

  Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) inform on bond vibrational changes between the ground state (GS) and TS of a chemical reaction and remain one of the most powerful experimental techniques for interrogating TS structure. KIEs on enzyme reactions measured by the internal 98 5 of labeled substrates repo

• The contribution of local ETA and

  2020-02-03

  

  The contribution of local ETA and ETB receptors towards heat hyperalgesia induced by inoculation of XC tumor Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate receptor in the paw of mice has been demonstrated by Baamonde and colleagues (Baamonde et al., 2004). Furthermore, using neuropathic and inflammatory nocice

• br Experimental methods br Results and discussion br Conclus

  2020-02-03

  

  Experimental methods Results and discussion Conclusion Rational design of highly selective fluorescent probes to detect G-quadruplexes is of profound importance for basic research. On this basis, we designed and synthesized a series of N-alkylated styrylquinolinium dyes Ls-1, Ls-2 and Ls-3.

• In the present study we identified that SDF could significan

  2020-01-30

  

  In the present study, we identified that SDF-1α could significantly elevate the expression of p-P65 in the NF-κB signaling pathway and p-Akt in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, while significantly reducing the expression of p-IκB in the NF-κB signaling pathway. AMD3100 and hesperidin antagonized the

• br Results br Discussion Unraveling the molecular

  2020-01-30

  

  Results Discussion Unraveling the molecular details of nucleoporin-karyopherin interactions, which have to be strong enough to promote transport but sufficiently weak to avoid stalling of transport complexes within the pore, is key to our understanding of the mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic tr

• br Conflict of interest statement br Introduction Endothelin

  2020-01-29

  

  Conflict of interest statement Introduction Endothelins (ETs) are a family of multifunctional, naturally occurring peptides with long-lasting vasoconstrictor and pressor effects (Zhou et al., 2004). They are synthesized as a large protein, the pre-proET-1 or Big ET-1, which is subsequently cle

• An analysis of EBI expression on dendritic

  2020-01-29

  

  An analysis of EBI2 expression on dendritic cells (DCs) showed that EBI2 is highly expressed on CD4+ conventional cDCs. In line with this mice deficient for EBI2 largely lack this subset of cDCs in the spleen. Furthermore, the localization of the residual cells is disturbed [10,11]. It was found tha

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