• A genomic DNA sequence was retrieved Scaffold from the fugu

  2019-12-17

  

  A genomic DNA sequence was retrieved (Scaffold_30) from the fugu genomic database ( v3.0), which encodes the homolog of CXCL8 of many other vertebrates and specific primers CXCL8F1 and CXCL8R1 () were designed for 3′-RACE and 5′-RACE PCR, respectively. First-strand thymus cDNA was used as template.

• Leupeptin receptor br Acknowledgement br Introduction Recent

  2019-12-17

  

  Acknowledgement Introduction Recent developments in cancer immunotherapies have demonstrated durable responses, suggesting that effective immunotherapy would hold promise to improve patient outcome (Gunturu et al., 2013; Hodi et al., 2003; Lutz et al., 2011; Ribas et al., 2009). However, attem

• Besides the assessment of toxicological effects immediately

  2019-12-17

  

  Besides the assessment of toxicological effects immediately after exposure, we also studied the potential recovery of the exposed organisms, through the quantification of ChE activity at specific time intervals after placing organisms in clean test medium. Recovery from chemical challenge, in this c

• br Results br Discussion Here we

  2019-12-17

  

  Results Discussion Here we establish a key kinase cascade that acts at PCs to promote homolog pairing and synapsis. CHK-2 phosphorylates the zinc finger proteins that specify PCs, which, in turn, primes their recruitment of PLK-2 (Figure 7D). By recruiting these two kinases, PCs serve as signa

• Ligand independent activation of neuronal nuclear

  2019-12-17

  

  Ligand-independent activation of neuronal nuclear estrogen receptors may also continue to occur in absence of ovarian estrogens. AF-1 requires intracellular kinase cascade-dependent phosphorylation of specific residues in the A/B domain of nuclear estrogen receptors (Le Goff et al., 1994; Kato et al

• akt inhibitor In order to further understand the biological

  2019-12-17

  

  In order to further understand the biological significance of cell-collagen X interactions, we have examined the possibilities of involvement of other collagen receptors in cell binding to collagen X. The present study demonstrates that collagen X is a ligand for DDR2. DDR2 has been observed to bind

• In contrast to inflammatory cytokines TGF has immunosuppress

  2019-12-17

  

  In contrast to inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β has immunosuppressive properties yet is also important for tissue imprinting immune cell function during development [23]. Salivary gland (SG) ILCs, in addition to liver and intestinal intraepithelial ILC1, express markers denoting tissue residency and TG

• One architecture termed closed has

  2019-12-17

  

  One architecture, termed closed, has been visualized at near-atomic resolution in cryo-EM maps of recombinant complexes that superimpose with earlier lower-resolution EM data obtained for APC/CCDC20–MCC purified from HeLa CZC-25146 receptor arrested during the mitotic checkpoint (Figure 4E) 38, 48,

• br Chain specific ubiquitin probes The conventional way

  2019-12-17

  

  Chain specific ubiquitin probes The conventional way of assessing linkage specificity is by measuring turnover rates of different diubiquitin molecules as substrates. Although this method has been applied successfully in several studies [7••, 8] it is limited to isolated DUBs, whereas linkage spe

• br Ubiquitylation of the TGF

  2019-12-17

  

  Ubiquitylation of the TGFβ/BMP pathway components Ubiquitylation is a reversible post-translational modification that is essential in many cellular regulatory mechanisms [20], [21]. During the ubiquitylation cascade, ubiquitin is attached to target proteins through the concerted actions of an E1-

• In glioblastoma methylation of pMGMT

  2019-12-17

  

  In glioblastoma, methylation of pMGMT is predictive of the efficacy of temozolomide with an increased survival [22], [23], [24], [25]. As in glioblastoma [24], [26], [27], [28], pMGMT methylation assessed by pyrosequencing (with immunochemistry, IHC) is the most effective and reproducible technique

• Although many of the hepatic responses observed on the first

  2019-12-16

  

  Although many of the hepatic responses observed on the first day of recovery attenuated over the course of the recovery period, minimal-to-mild centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy tended to persist. Mean absolute and relative liver weights had returned to control levels after 28 days of recover

• We also identified Ubc as a functional E for LNX

  2019-12-16

  

  We also identified Ubc13 as a functional E2 for LNX1 and determined the complex structure of LNX1–Ubc13~Ub, which depicts the first step of the ubiquitination process (Fig. 3a.). Comparing structural alignment of the RNF4 RING: Ubc13~Ub: Ube2V2 complex (PDB code 5AIU) [33] and the RNF4:Ubc13~Ub comp

• br Conflicts of interest br Financial support NZ

  2019-12-16

  

  Conflicts of interest Financial support NZ is an Established Investigator of the Dutch Heart Foundation (2013T111) and is supported by an ERC Consolidator grant (617376) from the European Research Council and by a Vici grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; 91818

• br Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiqui

  2019-12-16

  

  Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins is one of the most common and important regulatory mechanisms in biology (Finley et al., 2004, Pickart, 2004). Ubiquitination is carried out by an enzymatic cascade consisting of three steps. In the first step, ubiquitin i

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