• The idea that ASB can drive compartment expansion in

  2021-01-13

  

  The idea that ASB11 can drive compartment expansion in the CNS is further supported by in vitro work in human neuronal precursors. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of PC12 pheochromocytoma 2578 [11] and RA-induced human pluripotent teratocarcinoma carcinoma (NT2) cells [12] constit

• DGK is classified into the type II

  2021-01-13

  

  DGKη is classified into the type II DGK subfamily [12], [13], [14], [15]. As described above, DGKη has the splice variants η1 and η2 [10]. DGKs η1 and η2 possess in common a pleckstrin homology domain at the N-terminus and a catalytic domain that is divided into two subdomains (catalytic subdomain-a

• In this study using REMD

  2021-01-13

  

  In this study, using REMD with the crystal environment, we investigate the effect of cryo-cooling on the crystal structure of Escherichia coli DHFR. DHFR is an important model enzyme (for review, see, e.g., (30)), and has been studied for decades (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43).

• It has been reported that vernolic acid

  2021-01-13

  

  It has been reported that vernolic Anti-Inflammatory Peptide 1 synthesis accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds expressing a Δ12-epoxygenase often resulted in failure of germination and impaired growth and development (Singh et al., 2001). Similar phenomena were also reported for transgenic Ar

• br General Characteristics of the Type II Dehydrogenases

  2021-01-13

  

  General Characteristics of the Type II Dehydrogenases Alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases conduct the reaction of the rotenone-insensitive oxidation of cytosolic and mitochondrial matrix NADH and/or NADPH (Fig. 1) (Melo et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2008). They catalyze t

• Studies have shown that the

  2021-01-13

  

  Studies have shown that the cultivation of BMSCs under hypoxic conditions, treating with cytokines (such as HGF, IGF-1 and IL-6) and viral-mediated CXCR-4 gene delivery have been shown to re-establish CXCR-4 expression on the surface of stem casein kinase 2 (Liu et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2014a, Zia

• Kim et al reported for bioactive compounds originating from

  2021-01-13

  

  Kim et al. reported for bioactive compounds originating from the endemic species in Korea, the hexane and EtOAc fractions of the MeOH extracts from the roots of Dystaenia takeshimana (Nakai) Kitagawa (Umbelliferae) showed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) dual inhibitory activity b

• In addition to carbamates organophosphates are

  2021-01-13

  

  In addition to carbamates, organophosphates are classic inhibitors of cholinesterases. Previous studies with aquatic organisms have demonstrated their sensitivity to such chemicals. For example, individuals of the freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum exposed to the organophosphate dichlorvos, chlorp

• Q-VD(OMe)-OPh br Loss of Chk sensitizes cells to hypoxia

  2021-01-13

  

  Loss of Chk 1 sensitizes Q-VD(OMe)-OPh to hypoxia/reoxygenation In contrast to Chk 2, studies have identified Chk 1 as being phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner at residue serine 345 during hypoxia [18]. More recently, siRNA mediated inhibition of Chk 1 signaling was found to sensitize cell

• Adding MPA or NETA we found no

  2021-01-13

  

  Adding MPA or NETA we found no impact on the estradiol-induced downregulation of serum-stimulated endothelin synthesis in vitro [40]. Progesterone was also able to inhibit the angiotensin II-induced increase in endothelin production [41]. Several clinical studies on the effect of oral or transdermal

• MAPKs are a family of phosphorylating enzymes that

  2021-01-13

  

  MAPKs are a family of phosphorylating enzymes that orchestrate various cellular response in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, stress response, and energy metabolism [11]. There are at least four major members including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activat

• CellProfiler and OpenComet are two open source software

  2021-01-12

  

  CellProfiler and OpenComet are two open source software available in internet to analyse silver stained comet assay images. With CellProfiler [19], Gonzalez et al. [18] modified the pipeline provided in the website by adding a background subtraction module and two filtering modules to quantify DNA d

• On the basis of the published articles

  2021-01-12

  

  On the basis of the published articles, it is known that chemokines are produced by leukocytes and tissue cells, constitutively or after induction. Chemokines are responsible for the recruitment of leukocytes to maintain proper functioning of the immune system [14]. They exist in the central nervous

• br Introduction The dorsal periaqueductal gray matter dPAG i

  2021-01-12

  

  Introduction The dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG) is a midbrain site markedly involved in fear/anxiety-evoked responses as well as in nociception (see, for example, Bandler and Carrive, 1988, Deakin and Graeff, 1991, Fardin et al., 1984a, Fardin et al., 1984b, Litvin et al., 2007). Chemic

• Besides the regulation of the stress responses

  2021-01-12

  

  Besides the regulation of the stress responses, CRF and the urocortins have been implicated in drug addiction (Bruijnzeel and Gold, 2005, Sarnyai et al., 2001). For instance nicotine, the addictive substance of tobacco, can activate the HPA axis, just like any other stressor may do, although its imp

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