• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion PKA and

  2021-04-02

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion PKA and Epac are two principal effector proteins involved in cAMP signaling; they are expressed in a wide range of tissues and control diverse biological functions [10]. The existence of two cAMP effectors provides more precise regulation of cAMP sig

• tyrosine kinase receptor In summary we investigated the

  2021-04-02

  

  In summary, we investigated the fluoride sensitivity of different S. mutans strains in terms of enolase activity. Lower enolase activity was not always associated with lower S. mutans growth in cultures with NaF. Gene analysis showed that UA130 and NCH105 both have enolase point mutations. Unique am

• In conclusion our results provide a new mechanistic

  2021-04-02

  

  In conclusion, our results provide a new mechanistic insight into the signaling pathways mediating TDCIPP-induced apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells. We showed that TDCIPP-induced neuronal cell cytotoxicity and death are mediated via the ER stress-regulated apoptotic pathway, wherein the induction

• The attachment of ubiquitin to RTKs such as EGFR

  2021-04-02

  

  The attachment of ubiquitin to RTKs, such as EGFR, mediates efficient delivery through the endosome-lysosome system for proteolysis. In this way, RTK degradation enables cessation of signal transduction. A recent siRNA screen identified a number of USPs that can significantly modulate EGFR levels an

• Downregulation of tumor suppressors is a major factor

  2021-04-02

  

  Downregulation of tumor suppressors is a major factor that leads to tumorigenesis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a common tumor suppressor, the Gemcitabine of which is often downregulated or even absent in the majority of human cancers, functions as a phosphatase to

• How does an increase in E affinity for the RING

  2021-04-02

  

  How does an increase in E2 affinity for the RING domain favor higher activity and polyubiquitination by the E2? Binding of the RING domain to the E2 positions the donor Ub in the E2~Ub conjugate in a closed complex [16], [17], [18] that increases the reactivity of the thioester [60]. A higher affini

• br Materials and Methods br Acknowledgements Authors

  2021-04-02

  

  Materials and Methods Acknowledgements Authors would like to thank Mr. Pritam Naskar and Mr. Dibya Mukherjee for their help. Authors also acknowledge the help of Mr. Barun Mahata and Dr. Kaushik Biswas, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, for human cDNA samples. P.A.B. and A.B.D. w

• br Deubiquitination deubiquitinases and cancer Protein deubi

  2021-04-02

  

  Deubiquitination, deubiquitinases and cancer Protein deubiquitination is reverse process of ubiquitination and performed by deubiquitinases or deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which help in removal of ubiquitin from target proteins and involve in ubiquitin maturation, recycling and editing (Pfoh

• Our ex vivo analysis demonstrates that IL promotes CD

  2021-04-02

  

  Our ex vivo analysis demonstrates that IL-15 promotes CD122 expression in DGKζ-deficient CD8+ T cells. CD122, which forms a dimer with CD132 in response to IL-2 or IL-15, activates the JAK/STAT and PI3K/mTOR pathways. Whereas antigen-stimulated Temozolomide promote IL-2 sensitivity through up-regul

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction

  2021-04-02

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Diacylglycerols (DAGs) and phosphatidic MK 886 (PA) play fundamental roles in biology as basic components of membranes, intermediates in lipid metabolism, and secondary messengers in cellular signaling (Carrasco and Merida, 2007, Fang et al., 2001). Cells re

• Proteins that associate to PCNA are characterized by having

  2021-04-02

  

  Proteins that associate to PCNA are characterized by having conserved motifs as the PCNA-interacting protein (PIP) motif [29,30], its variant PIP-like motif [31,32] or the APIM motif (Alk B homologue 2 PCNA interacting motif [33,34]); for instance, p21 contains a PIP motif [30], and DNA polymerases

• Three dimensional conformational changes in

  2021-04-02

  

  Three-dimensional conformational changes in the cargo protein’s NES, caused by protein phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, or mutation, can regulate CRM1 binding (Craig et al., 2002, Vogt et al., 2005). Additional protein modifications such as sumoylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and/or the bin

• Introduction Angiotensin II Ang II

  2021-04-01

  

  Introduction Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Endothelin 1 (ET-1) are potent vasoconstrictive peptides recognized as key players in many cardiovascular diseases [1]. Cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic arrhythmia, and stroke have been associated to an overstimulation of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) recepto

• NPS-2143 receptor br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-04-01

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion A reporter of FGF signaling activity has long been sought to facilitate the quantitative real-time analysis of pathway activity at single-cell resolution. Here we report the generation of a Spry4 reporter allele in ESCs and mice that recapitulates kn

• br Results br Discussion The origin and fate of

  2021-04-01

  

  Results Discussion The origin and fate of Tfh cells has been intensely studied since their first description 14 years ago (Breitfeld et al., 2000, Schaerli et al., 2000). Although mice engineered to report BCL6 (Kitano et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2012) and interleukin-21 (IL-21) (Lüthje et al.,

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