• br Although earlier studies had

  2022-05-05

  

  Although earlier studies had reported conflicting results regarding the role of Ca2+ in regulating SV endocytosis, more recent data suggest that Ca2+ influx facilitates SV endocytosis in hippocampal neurons, the calyx of Held, and in inner hair C646 (Dittman and Ryan, 2009, Hosoi et al., 2009, Mo

• HMP Linker br What are the local exocytotic protein

  2022-05-05

  

  What are the local exocytotic protein targets of PKC? A direct method for PKC to potentiate insulin release would be to phosphorylate and activate components of the exocytotic machinery. Bulk measurements show that potentiation occurs by enhancement of the calcium sensitivity of exocytosis [56],

• It is an open question if

  2022-05-04

  

  It is an open question if these in vitro findings have implications for the use of sGC activators in the in vivo situation and in patients. Assuming that incorporation in de novo synthesised enzyme occurs during therapy, one might speculate that the duration of drug administration has an influence o

• Hypoxia has been shown to affect

  2022-05-04

  

  Hypoxia has been shown to affect miR-155 expression that can induce autophagy in nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma cells [334]. Suppression of miR-155 inhibited hypoxia-induced autophagy. miR-155 targeted mRNAs involved in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1 pathway including: Ras homolog enriched in Chlor

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-05-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Metabolic abnormalities and systemic immune dysfunctions are common during HIV infection and/or antiretroviral therapy. Although some transcriptomic studies of HIV infection have revealed global changes in the mRNA and microRNA expression profiles (R

• br Ketone body metabolism and neuronal excitability One of t

  2022-05-04

  

  Ketone body metabolism and neuronal excitability One of the best examples of the close connection between metabolism and neuronal excitability is illustrated by the effect of ketone bodies on epileptic seizures. One third of patients suffering from epileptic seizures do not respond to conventiona

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction

  2022-05-04

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective in reducing mortality (Detels et al., 1998), and preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) (CDC, 1994, Connor et al., 1994) and sexual transmission of HIV (Cohen et al., 2011). However, the optimal time to start

• To overcome these limitations investigators have developed n

  2022-05-04

  

  To overcome these limitations, investigators have developed novel strategies for identifying and purifying gonadotropes from transgenic mouse models. For example, FSH-producing gonadotropes have been tagged in vivo with a transgenic cell surface antigen (H-2Kk) so that they can be purified in vitro

• We tested this hypothesis with two experiments

  2022-05-04

  

  We tested this hypothesis with two experiments. In the first experiment OVX monkeys implanted with an E2 Bacitracin receptor (this results in LH levels similar to the level during the follicular phase) were treated with daily injections of letrozole for 1 week and then EB was injected systemically

• br Expression of GlyT in the spinal cord in

  2022-05-04

  

  Expression of GlyT in the spinal cord in response to neuropathic pain Twelve days after sham injury or CCI, GlyT1 and GlyT2 mRNA expression in rat spinal cord was analyzed using qPCR. Here, no significant changes in expression of the transporters in our CCI model of neuropathic pain compared with

• To test our refinement protocol we considered a benchmark

  2022-05-04

  

  To test our refinement protocol, we considered a benchmark set of 12 N-linked glycan-containing protein structures determined by X-ray crystallography at resolutions ranging between 1.9 Å and 3.5 Å and comprising a total of 133 glycan units. We identified four incorrect anomeric configurations and 2

• maleate Although it is mainly a glial protein of

  2022-05-04

  

  Although it is mainly a glial protein, 5–10% of total GLT-1 represents a neuronal form located at presynaptic terminals, but its physiological role remains elusive (for discussion, see (Rimmele and Rosenberg, 2016)). Nevertheless, this amount might be significant since GLT-1 has been estimated to be

• br Regulation of GCK by intrinsic conformational dynamics GC

  2022-05-04

  

  Regulation of GCK by intrinsic conformational dynamics GCK is a 465-residue, 52-kDa enzyme comprised of two domains, hereafter referred to as the large domain and the small domain, that are separated by a flexible hinge region. As with other proteins that adopt the hexokinase fold, substrates bin

• Decanoyl-RVKR-CMK br Conclusion In conclusion we discovered

  2022-05-04

  

  Conclusion In conclusion, we discovered a pair of novel epimers CBC and CBD from plant C. bungei. These two natural compounds inhibit Hh pathway by blocking signaling at the level of Gli. They are effective in suppressing Hh pathway-dependent medulloblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermo

• How do myofibroblast sources compare between bone marrow

  2022-05-04

  

  How do myofibroblast sources compare between bone marrow and other organs? Perivascular KU55933 with MSC properties significantly contribute to fibrosis in muscle, fat, skin, heart, kidney, lung, and liver (reviewed in Iwayama et al., 2015) and activate Gli1 in many of these organs (Kramann et al.,

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