• It has been recognized for decades that neurons in

  2024-02-20

  

  It has been recognized for decades that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system may release both a fast-acting, typically amino acid derived neurotransmitter such as glutamate or GABA, and a second peptidergic neuromodulatory molecule such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, or cholecystokinin.

• br The role of apelin in respiratory

  2024-02-20

  

  The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At present, several scientific studies have suggested that the apelin/APJ system may play an important role in the development of pulmonary diseases (Table 4). For example, in an experiment on rats suffering from acute lung injury, apelin-13 decreases th

• This unsuspected antagonistic interaction of androgen with O

  2024-02-19

  

  This unsuspected antagonistic interaction of androgen with OXER1 could therefore explain the effect of plant derived compounds with this ligand-receptor system. For example, wedelolactone, a coumestan found in Eclipta alba (false daisy) and in Wedelia calendulacea that is the major component of ecli

• br Acknowledgments and Disclosures br Alzheimer s disease as

  2024-02-19

  

  Acknowledgments and Disclosures Alzheimer's disease as a synaptic pathology Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative DLPC disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Progressive depositions of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles together with degenera

• In pancreatic islets we found

  2024-02-19

  

  In pancreatic islets we found an increase in protein expression of leukocyte 12/15-LO that paralleled the metabolic decline characterized by severe hyperglycemia and reduced islet numbers. Similar increase in 12/15-LO expression by Western blot was found in the control mice, which have a normal meta

• The role of the adaptive immune response

  2024-02-19

  

  The role of the adaptive immune response in AD is not fully understood and previous studies are controversial. In this context, serum levels of T and B lymphocytes were found to be reduced in AD patients, suggesting a decline of the immune response during the course of the disease (Richartz-Salzburg

• The beneficial treatment with several statins have

  2024-02-19

  

  The beneficial treatment with several statins have been evaluated in AD patients (Kivipelto et al., 2005), with controversial results. It has been suggested that statins slow cognitive decline in mild to moderate AD (Miida et al., 2005). Treatment with atorvastatin, combined with other medications,

• br The AHR functions in the immune system a

  2024-02-19

  

  The AHR functions in the immune system – a tsunami of exciting findings The research of recent years has convincingly established an important function of the AHR in linking chemical environmental cues to immune responses [21,22], and reviewed in [1,23]. As a side effect, a view of the AHR as “Th

• br Conclusions Triptans are HT B D

  2024-02-19

  

  Conclusions Triptans are 5-HT1B/1D/(1F) receptors agonists and are considered as the gold standard for acute migraine treatment that have been proven effective. Unfortunately, they are contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular diseases due to their vasoconstrictor (side) effects (MaassenVan

• br Concluding remarks ROP is a major cause of

  2024-02-19

  

  Concluding remarks ROP is a major cause of childhood blindness in the world. Current pharmacological therapy focus on anti-VEGF strategy, but this strategy is associated with the unintended effects on delayed eye growth and retinal vasculature development of preterm infants. Preclinical studies u

• The adult muscle type acetylcholine receptor AChR the exempl

  2024-02-19

  

  The adult muscle-type ARQ 621 receptor (AChR), the exemplar pLGIC, is a heteropentamer comprising two α subunits, and one each of the β, δ, and ɛ subunits (Sine, 2012). These five subunits come together in a counterclockwise α-ɛ-α-δ-β arrangement (Figure 1A). Binding of acetylcholine to the AChR's

• The discovery of acetylsalicylic acid aspirin

  2024-02-19

  

  The discovery of acetylsalicylic Sanguinarine chloride (aspirin) in 1897 paved the way for the development of classical NSAIDs as first-line therapeutics for anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic therapy. Large efforts have been made in the following decades to improve the efficacy and in p

• Pompe disease is accompanied by the

  2024-02-19

  

  Pompe disease is accompanied by the deficiency of the lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase that makes the GSA 10 unable to hydrolyze glycogen to glucose, thereby resulting in the accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes, especially in skeletal muscles and cardiac tissues. This accumulation results in the struc

• Based on currently available knowledge autophagy

  2024-02-19

  

  Based on currently available knowledge, autophagy supports adipocytes development and differentiation. In animals with specific skeletal muscle colorimetric assay of Atg7, reduced adipogenesis was shown. In rodents, autophagy was decreased in adipose tissue of animals fed with high-fat diet (HFD).

• Mechanistically it was soon realized that in

  2024-02-19

  

  Mechanistically, it was soon realized that in undead cells, Dronc promotes the activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling as the major inducer of AiP [25], [28] (Fig. 2B,C). However, it has been unknown for a long time how active Dronc promotes JNK signaling. Recently, it was reported that

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