• It is important to note that stable amnesia is

  2024-07-01

  

  It is important to note that stable amnesia is, apparently, a general biological phenomenon and can be found in different animal species. In studies on rats, it was found that if reconsolidation of conditioned olfactory aversion memory was impaired by the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors, amne

• In this review we will present the traditional and actual

  2024-07-01

  

  In this review, we will present the traditional and actual strategies to study orphan receptors and identify their ligands. An extensive description of the orphan GPCR field has been published in 2013 by Davenport et al. [22]. Therefore, we will focus on the deorphanizations that were reported since

• br Materials and methods br Acknowledgement

  2024-07-01

  

  Materials and methods Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant no. 6151001), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31572516). Introduction Staphylococcus aureus is an important microorganism responsible for both clin

• Various antiangiogenic drugs have been analyzed

  2024-06-28

  

  Various antiangiogenic drugs have been analyzed over the last few years; noteworthy, bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A, alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents showed interesting results in terms of radiographic response rates and progression-free survival in initial phase 2 st

• Finally microRNAs miRNA seem to play

  2024-06-28

  

  Finally, microRNAs (miRNA) seem to play an important role in AR signaling in BC. Some authors have described a differential S1RA of miRNAs in AR-positive BCs compared to AR-negative ones. VEGF and mTOR pathways were also reported as implicated in miRNA dysregulation, suggesting a common underlying

• Studies on both TCDD treated mice and

  2024-06-28

  

  Studies on both TCDD treated mice and AhR null mice have also pointed to a role of AhR in hematopoiesis [65], [66]. Singh et al. showed that AhR is a negative regulator of HSC (hematopoietic stem cell) proliferation, while deletion of AhR leads to spleen enlargement in juvenile and adult mice [67].

• In the past few years

  2024-06-28

  

  In the past few years, several experimental findings have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of adenosine also in driving the phenotypic switch of macrophages. In particular, the stimulation of A2A and A2B receptors seems to play a critical role in switching macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype [37,6

• Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selective

  2024-06-28

  

  Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selectively activate various cholinergic neurons (Jiang et al., 2014). However, most do not explicitly report direct release of GABA from cholinergic fibers, with the exception of our two studies described above (Saunders et al., 2015a, Saunders et 

• ACh induced changes in respiratory frequency could be of int

  2024-06-28

  

  ACh-induced changes in respiratory frequency could be of interest. They may reveal an important mechanism of respiratory modulation at the caudal NTS level. ACh-induced increases in respiratory frequency within this region have been also reported by Furuya et al. (2014). Changes in respiratory timin

• tcy Whereas more research is needed

  2024-06-28

  

  Whereas more research is needed to identify the precise mechanism by which FIN exerts its antidyskinetic effect, the tcy that it can negatively modulate dopaminergic transmission is also supported by our previous findings. Indeed, we have previously shown that FIN completely reversed the behavioral

• Numerous studies have reported high glutamate levels in the

  2024-06-28

  

  Numerous studies have reported high glutamate levels in the brains of patients with depression, indicating that the glutamate system plays a crucial role in depression (Sanacora et al., 2004; Kendell et al., 2005; Hashimoto et al., 2007). Furthermore, several clinically effective antidepressant drug

• Another important question concerns the mechanism by which

  2024-06-27

  

  Another important question concerns the mechanism by which a polyubiquitinated substrate is released from the Cdc48 complex and passed on to downstream components, such as the proteasome. There are at least three proposed models. In the first, a ubiquitinated substrate is transferred by ubiquitin-bi

• br Methods for antifungal testing of mucorales

  2024-06-27

  

  Methods for antifungal testing of mucorales species The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) reference methods currently in place for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi [8], [9] have

• br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives

  2024-06-27

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Fluorescent Estradiol valerate have helped researchers to elucidate antibiotic MOA and off-target interactions, to screen for new antibiotics, to detect antibiotics in the environment, to track antibiotic uptake throughout cells and organisms, and to de

• br Introduction Heart failure HF is

  2024-06-27

  

  Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a chronically progressive disease and one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite recent improvements in its treatment [1], [2], [3]. The mortality and morbidity benefits of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) are wel

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